Security forensics and risk management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 24 Words: 7218 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Acknowledgement Foremost I would like say thanks to god for all support in all my life and secondly University of Greenwich to give this my life aim to complete my masters. Next my supervisor Professor Kevin Parrott to the supports he gave because without his support I wouldnt be able to complete my project with this quality. Especially the suggestions and appreciation given my supervisor make me feel better and gave positive thinking. Finally need to thank my family and friends for unbelievable supports and encouragements. Abstract As we are in the information era the world is changing to use electronic means for day to day use. The paper documents is gone and most of them are paper free because of so many reasons such as pollution, easy, fast, etc At the same time this digital media has availability, scalability, confidentiality and integrity which are required behaviour for secure communication. The risk is increased with the increase of computer and digital means usage and the single security lack may cause huge losses. There are some surveys says most of the crimes are happening through electronic means and the target is computer or computer peripherals. If the attacker found a single security lack that is enough to start and break the whole system and the security lack could be configuration mistake, firewall issue and basically problems in the protection mechanism. Because of these reasons testing become very important and this process called as Auditing. There are so many types in the auditing an d this auditing requires technical knowledge to make these tests perfect and to give an audit report including suggestions. The auditing falls into two main categories such as Automatic and manual. The test will be efficient if it is automated using testing tools which are called as automated or computerised test. Even though there are some tests cannot be automated and need to test manually. This auditing covers network security test, physical or environment security test, computer security test which includes software and hardware tests. The computerised test will carry on with some security tools and the manual will use questioner to minimise human made errors mainly forgetting. Security audit is the technical assessment of the application or system. The assessment may be manual or systematic or both. In most case the auditing process uses manual and systematic/ automatic methods because there are some tests cannot be automatic such as review of the security policy, asset m anagement, etc This auditing has different types such as internal or external. This type is depends on the company size and the resource availability. Usually big companies have their own security auditor so they will perform the audit internally and the small and medium size companies mostly hire auditor form outside. Both types got pros and cons in security and financial manor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Security forensics and risk management" essay for you Create order Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter largely contains non-technical information to give the understanding of high level objectives. Also describe the techniques and technologies used in the project and research to accomplish the project Objective Audit The audit is a systematic or manual security assessment of the network, infrastructure, system, etc The complete audit should be the combination of manual and automatic assessment because in every test target there will be some test cannot be automatic. The audit has so many categories and the following paragraph will explain about the categories and the functions or techniques behind that. There are 3 controls in the auditing process which are Preventive control The preventive controls are controls may in the form of software or hardware or ant configuration to prevent the error or vulnerabilities. This is an active type control always monitor the interface for any vulnerabilities and block such vulnerabilities or errors before it enter into the system or infrastructure. This is most effective control mechanism because not allows the vulnerabilities. Detective control The detectives are in placed to monitor the vulnerabilities in the form of software or hardware but the different between preventive and detective is the preventive wont allow the vulnerabilities into the system where detective allows entering everything and correcting the vulnerabilities after enter. The best example is for this control is fire alarm because fire alarm wont prevent the fire before but if any fire it will work. Corrective controls The corrective controls are the controls to correct the error or issue before it make any harm. This is very important control for all places even if they have other controls because there are some issues or vulnerabilities cannot detect by the controls if they will come and attack so there should be some control to correct those before loss occur. Addition to that the controls should up to date such as latest firmware or latest definition. Type of auditors There are two basic types of auditors in the information era the internal and external auditors. This selection of the auditor will be done by the management with the use of financial status of the organisation. Size of the organisation and the policies defined in the company. Internal auditors Internal auditors are auditors belong to that particular company which is going to perform the audit. That means the auditor is an employee of the company. So the auditor is always available to do the auditing and data or information will keep within the organisation. This is the main advantage of having the internal auditor and the same time and the employee purposely recruited for auditing then is cost a lot for the company. So it is only possible for the big level companies because they have huge investments and revenue. The disadvantage of the internal auditor is they may be up-to-date and dont have current market or audit status such as new techniques and tools. External auditors The auditor recruited from other auditing firm for the auditing so it is very hard to find professional auditor because of the availability and as the auditor recruited from outside the company information may go out. At the same time the auditor needs some time to get and understand the company process. But the advantage of recruiting the external auditor is their knowledge and it is suitable for middle and small level companies. Types of Audit: Traditional Audit It is just like a manual auditing. It is useful when working with a large amount of data in a large company. Here auditor took some sample data from different place then provide a report. Advantage: Easy Cheaper Disadvantage: Always do not provide correct information. In IT sector it is not useful. Software audit: Software audit is a wide popular for any educational institute or organization. It is just like a review of the software and the system that can find all information of the system such as operating system, application software, processor, drives, controllers, bus adapters, multimedia, virus protection, system model, main circuit board, memory models, local drive volumes, network drives, printers information etc.. There are so many auditing tools in the market such as Belarc Advisor, E-Z audit that are very power full. KW116 is the main Lab for school of computing and mathematical science in University of Greenwich. CMS installed lots of software for students to continue study or research. According to Copy right, Design and Patents Act 1988, all Software must have a valid licences to continue the process. As Lab uses large amount of software and different software expire on different time so it is very difficult for Lab administrator to keep up to date all licence by manually check s. Only auditing by software can possible to give details report to administrator to keep up safe the system. Advantages: Correct Information: Machine always provide the correct information so it has less chance to provide the incorrect information. Save time: Software very quickly provides a report of the system so it saves time. Details description: It provide a details description of system including any warning or licences issues etc Minimise the cost: By implementing the software audit two peoples work may possible with one people so it reduce the extra cost. Disadvantages: Investment Costly: Software is very expensive so university need extra money to buy this software. Risk: Auditor knows the details information of the system. Work flow: Auditor needs part of the lab to check the system. So it discontinues the student workflow. The approach The typical audit has different approach to collect the data. The single audit will use multiple techniques to gather full information and it is necessary to use different technique for different level of people. These are common techniques here. Interview This technique uses to collect the information from outside people or top level people and the number should be limited. During the interview the auditor or interviewer will ask questions from other people and collect the information. So the person will be well prepared for the interview. This is very robust method because it will allow people to express fully and the method also simple as it is talking which is natural way to communicate. Another advantage is this bi directional communication, means both parties allows to ask questions for clarification or gather information. Observation This method uses in the place where real time process monitoring or behavioural change is required. This is a powerful way of do the changes throughout the audit because other techniques exist in currently not possible to get real time information. Inspection The technique required to do some action with collected data to collect audit related information. This is the form of observation with advance criteria expected. This is extended version of observation because if the auditor apply any advance criteria to gather the data which is necessary to the auditing. After collecting the data the next step is to identify the weakness and process it. The identifying is the key work in the audit and after that categorising. The identifying uses some techniques to make that easy, preface and professional. The techniques used here are Root cause analysis General technique for analyse and get the better solution for the vulnerability or weakness. Because this technique drilldowns to the issue and finds the root and fix the weakness. The basic technique behind this is if the root is fixed automatically it will fix all other problems related to that. So simply close all related issues at once. As mention the easy and robust way to stop the issues exist and the issues may come in the future. After root cause analysis the next step is to get the solution for the root of the issue. The important thing here is choosing better and effective solution for the issue. The selection depends on some external and internal restrictions. Organisation policy Cost per benefit Legal restrictions Availability Compatibility Vendor and citification Advantage of having Auditing: Satisfaction: It brings the confidence of the Lab administrator of the University of Greenwich to continue the business process. Owner always thinks is there any lack that breaks down the continuity of the business. Detection and prevention of errors: Human can made error in any times .on one can say there is no error in there company. By auditing people can find the error and suggestion to recover the error. Detection and prevention of fraud: It also just likes errors. Sometimes user intentionally or unintentionally does this thing. So after audit we can find out the fraud. Verification of the Licences: KW116 Lab installs lots of software for student. Here some software for 1 year some software for more than one year and some software has limitation (No. Of user can use) for use. So auditor can find all kind of licence issues. Independent opinion: Audit always done by the independent people .so this report always accepted by everyone. Safety form exploitation: Health and safety always is a big issue for any organization. KW116 Lab got lots of equipment that are connected with electricity. So always chances for short circuit or exploitation. Audit identifies the all lack point and advice for prevention. Disadvantage of having Auditing: It is expensive Sometimes slow or stop the work flow External people know the company information. Encryption Encryption is the simple technique in the different for to send the date securely through shared place like internet. The form of encryption may vary from each other but they all commonly use digital certificate to encrypt and decrypt the data. Encryption use keys to make cipher text from actual message. The cipher text is not readable and it is the encrypted version of the massage using some algorithm. Security roles/user roles The security roles are very important technique to make network administration easy. This is basically creating some groups with different permissions according to the organisation operation or policy. A user or staff can have multiple security roles according to their need. This roles use to authorise the user permission. Security policy Security policy is a document which has all rules and regulations documented and approved by management and align with laws and legislation. This policy is used to define all activities and this is used to make some decision. Business Continuity: There are three things always we have to mind to continue the business Essential: to running the business any customer order cannot be delay more than seven days. Tolerate delay: some application may delay to continue the business such as management pay. It is a midterm i.e. one to four weeks. Discretionary: some application is useful for business but it is not affected to continue the business operation such as management report. It is a long term i.e. 3 to 6 months. Business continuity planning Business continuity planning (BCP) is the most important for any organization to continue the business. BCP engages with only different kind of risk to continue the business process that might occur in the organization and it also creates the policies, plan and procedures to reduce the risk. BCP can continue the business process in disaster situation as well. The main goal of the BCP is to combine together all policies, procedures and process so that any disruptive situation business process can continue or it may impact very little. Here main important function of BCP is Maintaining the business operation Continue the business in emergency situation Reduce the risk If any situation BCP cannot take over then Disaster recovery planning (DRP) takes over. British Auditing Standard BS7799: It is a British standard called as BS7799 that developed by British standard institution where describes the security policy and standard procedures.BS7799 become the ISO IEC 17799 after accepting the ISO IEC technical committee for international use. Now a days information is a valuable asset for organization .So it is very important to protect the information like other corporate asset. Here BS7799 introduces how to protect the information from threats and suggest the three points to secure the information such as Integrity: it is assurance the completeness and accuracy of the information. Confidentiality: Information can only access by the authorise people Availability: Authorise people can access the information when needed. Attacks and prevention for the attacks Errors and Omissions: Errors and Omission is one of the most common and toughest vulnerabilities .It is a human made error because human interact with programming, controlling and enter data for computer. There are no countermeasures to protect the errors and omission. Fraud and theft: It is a one kind of criminal activities that may occur in the KW116 Lab. It includes computer component such as mouse, keyboard, router, switch, cables, CPU box etc. It was observed that security person always not in the access point. So it is harm to secure the lab from fraud and theft. By protecting the access control we can reduce the fraud and theft. Both internal and external people are responsible for that kind of activities. Prevention of Fraud and theft: Regular auditing and monitoring program will help to identify all kind of fraud and theft. Deploy all of the access control. CCTV in proper place. Virus: Virus is a malicious code that has ability to reproduce his code itself and spread one system to another system via e-mail, downloading, storage devices (CD, DVD, memory stick, removal hard drive) and destroy the computer system. It was observed that removal memory stick all most every user are using and it is the most change to spread the virus in the Lab computer system and also observed user are using their own laptop and connected to the university wireless network. If user laptop effected with virus then it also change to spread the lab network that can affect the internal network and attack the server and crash the hard drive. Prevention: Install the latest antivirus software. Regular update the antivirus software. Follow the backup procedures regularly. Scan the device when transfer data. Installing the NIDS (Network Intrusion detection system) and firewall Minimise the download from internet. Download only repudiated site web site. Scan before the download. Care full to open unknown e-mail attach. Scan all incoming file from the remote site. Aware the user about danger of the virus. Trap-doors: It is an undocumented command that might user can create to speed up the work flow. Unfortunately sometimes student might leave these trap-doors. Prevention of Trap-doors: Use latest antivirus software. Give permission to develop the code only authorise people. Check properly all coding before use it. Logic bombs: It work s like time bombs and affect the system in a particular event or day such as program launch, website logon. It changes the data and deletes the data from the system. Here student are accessing the lots software to do the course work or project. So they are strong enough to build the logic bombs. It is normally happen in company if employee leaves the job. Prevention: Audit regularly and monitoring Always back up the necessary file Allow authorise people to develop the code Need record of all modification or changes Trojan Horses: It is a software programming that contains the malicious code. Normally students are interested to download the music, free software from internet. It is the most change to affect the lab computer and destroy the data stored on lab computer system. Prevention: Avoid unwanted software and music download from internet. Aware the user about Trojan Horses. Worm: Warm also is a malicious code that can spread itself without any human involvement from one system to another system .It works only computer network system and does not need any devices to transport. Prevention: Use firewall Use update antivirus software Spyware: It is an unwanted software interface that monitors the activity of the user and transfers the important information like log in details or account details to the remote system that monitor the user activities. Adware: It is also similar to spyware but it does not intent to transfer the user details to a remote system. It works like advertisements on the internet. Some adware monitor the searching behaviour of the user and then redirect the related websites. Prevention of Adware /Spyware: Close the pop up window. Aware about the spyware/adware. Click only reputed link. Social Engineering: Most of the users are getting unknown mail and they are also chatting with unknown people. Social engineering is one of the most popular techniques that attackers use to access the system by sending the mail or chatting with people to know the password. So it is a major risk to the security of the password. Prevention: Not response the unknown mail. Not chatting with unknown people. Dont give any one personal information or login id. Proper training or aware the new user about social engineering. Ping of death: we have only permission to send the largest packet (65,536 bytes) on the server. Attackers know this amount of bytes from ICMP specification. So they try to send the packets more than 65,536 bytes (at least 65,537). If the server does not check the size of the packet and try to process then it hung or crashed the operating system. Dumpster diving: Every day Lab user printing there necessary document but sometimes by mistake they are printing unnecessary document and end of the day through all document in the bin. Hacker is very intelligence. They always look at the bin and find the necessary document to access the network. Prevention: Destroy all documents before put in a bin Natural disasters: If anything happen that is not under control of human it is called natural dusters such as earthquakes, volcano, floods, fires, storms, hurricanes etc It may occur in any time but most risk is the fire for KW116 lab. It may cause from heater, power supply, over heating the power box, short circuit etc. Natural disaster is less chance for lab but it affect is more than any threat .It may destroy the part of the building, loses the all information. Prevention: Follow the health and safety procedures. Clear the fire exit. Aware the user about possible disaster. Man-Made Disasters: If anything happen intentionally to destroy the business process or destroy the part of the business and it is control of human then it is called the Man-Made Disaster such as Fire, Act of Terrorism, Bombings/Explosions, and Power Outages etc. Prevention: Check always ID card Allow only authorise people Use metal detector CCTV Equipment failure: Students are always busy with their course work and other course related work so equipment failure may loss the all data. Prevention: Use extra UPS Back up all data Auditing Stages/Steps Scope and Pre-Audit survey Planning Field work Analysis Reporting Scope and Pre-Auditing The first step or stage of the audit is to understand the purpose of the audit and the areas need to cover during the audit. Understanding the audit purpose is basically get the idea why this audit needs to perform; means any special risk assessment or annual audit. If it is special risk assessment audit this will be more specific and the scope will be narrow and deep otherwise if it is annual audit it will be the general audit to cover as much as possible area. Pre-Auditing survey is to verify the audit areas using risk management techniques and some general techniques such are reading previous audit report, web browsing, background reading, etc This will reduce the chance of failure by correcting the plan by lesson learned. Planning and Preparation In this stage the scope is going to break into small areas to make auditing easier and clear. So the clarity will be more and purpose will be easy to understand. Usually this stage will involve the work breakdown plan and risk control matrix. The risk control matrix is just a check list contains questions to carry out during the audit. Field work Actual auditing will perform during this stage by different techniques or methods. Simply it starts with interviewing staff or students using questioner or oral interview to system or network test by auditing software tools. The result of this stage will be the evidence of the audit to get a conclusion or submit to the management with audit report. So this will be the most important stage in the audit process. This step may use several testing software tools depend on the scope of the audit and the software selection is another key event of the audit process because there are so many fake software applications available in the market. Actually those are virus and the reason of making virus in the form of auditing tools. The reason of spreading the virus in the form of auditing or testing tool is very easy and hart to detect. Analysis Using the evidences or any results collected in the previous stage are the input of this stage. This stage is fully analysis and decision making so it needs a lots of time to investigation and assessment. The most sensitive area of the audit process is analysis because this is the place going to take the decision to submit to the board so that should be perfect otherwise the audit is useless and it will lead to make some wrong decision. Reporting The stage is to present all audit findings in the form of report. This is the document contains all evidences, analysis results, suggestions recommendations, conclusion, etc This document will pass to the management or the higher level people to review approve and take necessary action if necessary. The report should be clearly written and easy to understand because this document need for future also to give some information to start next auditing or to take some strategic decision. Problem Domain Because of the increased use of university of Greenwich KW116 lab the chances of threats or issues are high and this is the responsibility of the student and the staff to make the lab secure in all aspects. The reason of this project based on KW116 is that is the lab used by the students largely and usually network related or any other lab sessions and happening in this lab so if the lab got any security hole or lack that may affect the student and the staffs. Easiest way to ensure the security level of the lab is auditing. This auditing needs to cover all areas from physical security to network security. Then only this will the perfect audit and the audit can use some standard checklist to make more efficient and to eliminate human made errors such as forgotten, typing mistakes, etc There are so many ways to make sure the security level such as penetration testing and vulnerability testing. These are more specific with attacks and threats and for the general purpose security audit is the suitable one as it will cover all areas of the security. According the reasons given above the general security audit is the most suitable technique to verify the security level of the lab. So the auditing will cover most of the areas of the lab with the aid of standard checklist which is approved by British Standard Institute. Test behind the auditing Physical test Network test Software Test Security Policy test Hardware/Peripherals test Access control test Objectives To evaluate the actual level of security that exists at The University of Greenwich Maritime campus KW116 Lab. Activities plan and schedule the audit Auditing with software tools Analysis audit result Deliverable Detailed audit report with suggestions and recommendation This is the main objective of the project and this will carry on with several tools like packet sniffer, port scanner software, etc There are three different tests using these tools to identify internal and external vulnerabilities. To evaluate various methods of implementing the security policy, determine the security weaknesses and implement risk management for the existing security weaknesses. University lab security policy review Analysis Deliverable Detailed security policy analysis report with changes/suggestions/recommendation. The reason of this objective is to stop the holes from policy level because this is the easy way to implement. Learn Audit and Audit process and practice auditing and Research auditing products available in the market and select appropriate. This task is fully learning about audit and audit related stuffs. This objective is the key or starter of this project because if project start without proper knowledge that will mislead to somewhere else not to project aim. To draft a new security policy that addresses the existing weakness to the management. According to the analysis draft a security policy to fix or overcome all existing security holes. Deliverable Draft security policy How the objectives will be achieved Third and fourth objectives will be achieved with books and internet. This objective will give the idea about auditing the outcome of this objective will be a documentation which contains all requirements which need to cover in this project. The research will give the details about tools which requires to perform the auditing the methods/process for the auditing. Internet is the main and basic mean for this research as it is easy to access and with wide range of data. Tools which identified from the research will used to perform the security auditing and this audit result will monitor in real-time and document instantly. Mostly these tools will be freeware and from well-known vendor. The auditing will perform in three different views to make sure the area is secured fully. The views are inside computer local network, outside computer local network, outside computer different network. Audit Methodology This project uses two different methodologies to accomplish the task such as checklist and questioner. The check list is an aid for the auditor to perform the audit and it is a manual to the audit. So the checklist will contains all tests need to perform during the auditing where questioner is to get the opinion or feedback for the staffs and students (generally this will be feedback from stockholders). The analysis also will carry in two different way using questioner and the checklist and finally compare both and get the conclusion. The questioner and checklist covers most of the areas and those are grouped separately to make the auditors life easy and more understandable. The areas coved in the documents are Physical Security/ Environment Security control This section mainly covers the physical security issues and the recommendation. Mainly it covers all natural disasters, actual control and recommendation. Access control This section is all about permit or deny to the access to KW building using several ways. The questions used to get the actual control, status of the control implemented, recommended control need to implement. Software and hardware The hardware and software related testing and verifying is the main job of this area. When talk about testing it will start from licence to the current status of the hardware or software. Servers and network All about network related testing from cabling to server level security. This is the key test of the security assessment/auditing because network in the hard of most of the organisations. Security policy The area is to review the existing security policies and make sure they are valid with the current limitations and technology improvement. This is because there is a necessary to keep the security policy up-to-date as well. Personal security This is all about personal security when user or staff made mistake or for any human made errors such as how the system behave if a user forgot to log off the computer when he leave and analysis the actual control implemented. This will use to give the status of the current implementation and propose enhancement if necessary. Virus/Threats This area covers the security vulnerabilities through virus or any other similar threats. So mostly this questions or the test task will relate virus and antivirus or antispyware controls. Especially this area will talk about the up-to-date definitions of the antivirus because this is the important task will make sure the status of the security level. That means it is no use if u have antivirus or any anti-threats software without proper update or latest update. Remote connection / external connection Very important area which should verify before authorise because once access given they can do anything from outside. So there should be a software use to validate the user and the place of login and important point is the software should be from well-known vendor and properly tested. Non Achieved Objectives It was mention in the objective to use auditing softwares for scanning all of computer and the network system to gather information about expire date of Licence, list of software and hardware details, network risk and warning but because of security and licensing reason university did not allow to use the softwares proposed for this project. Even though Belarc Advisor software runs from outside laptop with university network for the sample analysis and the result documented in the report for the analysis. It would easier to make conclusion if auditing uses the software to gather information. But instead of software the audit uses a standard checklist to carry on. Summary The chapter 01 assisted in clearing and understanding the problem domain. This is mostly non-technical or less-technical have as much as possible general and basic ideas which covered in this project. Final Report University of Greenwich The checklist analysis methods used for this project made audit wider and deeper because it follows mostly BS7799 standard. The checklist clearly describes that there are some places got weakness and some of them are in the level of acceptable. The concern of the audit is the place security is lacking because these are the vulnerabilities for the KW116 lab. The checklist clearly mentions the findings and recommendation. Here finding is the actual control implemented and the recommendations are the expert suggestions. These expert suggestions made with experiences and some other means such as internet, books, etc The expert rating for the security level of the lab in chart is bellow. The chart description makes auditors decision very clearly with recommendation result. The chart above Describes the Security deference between actual control and the security level after recommendation is made. The reason for the non 100% achievement is organisation restriction such as budget, po licy and it is not practical to achieve 100 % security. The requirement for the security is to meet acceptable level. The level of acceptable is a keyword in security as it is not possible to secure the system 100 % if it is connected to external world. As mention above the lab KW116 is very weak in access control but if the university implements the recommendation it may achieve 100%. Analysis Checklist Access Control There is no proper control to access KW and no consistence in the rules and regulations because only some time security staff checks the resource card. In general anyone can enter into university KW building which is big issue here. Because even CCTV fined any issues with the person entered when they check the CCTV later they cant do anything because university dont have any clue about that person entered into the lab. Remote/ virtual connection The virtual connection is still using which is well-known and trustable software and the system is using windows authentication. So the login is validated at the place of active directory. Active directory authentication is very strong because it is using complex encryption method with non-reversible method. But the server needs more resources to increase the performance because the virtual desktop is really slow. The lag of the security audit is Security policy The university have own policy security for the lab but those are not in the well-known place to read or there is no instruction from where student can get those information 2.1.4 Environmental and Physical security The lab is almost safe in environment manner such as wind, rain and sunlight. In addition to that if any mechanism to monitor the window covers against sunlight that would improve the security level. The audit flag for this is Network and Equipment Security User Responsibility This is another huge security hole in the lab and this looks simple issue but it may cause any kind of issues. There are so many things will come under this. For an example following images are simple and good evidence for how users are behaving in the lab. The mobile phone usage, foods chatting, etc The audit status flag for this area is Chapter 3 Recommendation Access control The staffs in the entrance should verify the student before enter into the KW premises. University can use two different methods to here. Staff in the entrance should check the university resource card always This is power technique because the staff can verify the student with the card image. In this method illegal use of the resource card will be eliminate. But this technique requires CCTV for the evidence if anything goes wrong and the staff working in the entrance should work Entrance should have at least one security staff always and they have to be well trained. The second option is electronic access contrail which uses access card, finger print or code to open the entrance. But as it is an academic intuition there is no need for more security like this. So the best and cheaper way to control this is the first option. This is the first and primary level of control KW building. But another issue here is there is no control to say the student has entered to the lab other than CCTV. Because the access control in the entrance will make the student or staff has entered to KW not to KW116. Remote/ virtual connection The system should upgrade with more resource because there are possibilities for huge number of remote connection. So if the system works very slowly it is useless to implement this facility. The system may split into multiple virtual clusters and the clusters will increase the performance. User Responsibility The responsibility of the user are not known even it is well-defined which is useless of having riles and regulation. So there should be a way to introduce all these responsibilities to the user such are notice board, labelling with rules or small sessions to pass these rules to users. Notice board This method can carry big set of information on it but there is no proof those users checking the notice board which again come as not effective way of communication. Ladling A strong way of communication can put these in the physical stuffs as sticker or in software as message box or software label with different colour. But the disadvantage here is it can carry small and that particular area or situation rules and regulation. Meeting The suitable way of communication because talking is the easy way of communication and two way interaction also possible in this method. But the requirement here is to make this meeting as compulsory for all users and penalise if anyone miss. But punishment should be related to pass these to user. Entry Control (Web) This covers all possible web based application with 1st level security. There are two places which users usually use for their day to day work through web and lab computer login. This password strength is strong enough for academic based industry but suggesting reducing the password expire period which is simple technique to improve the security level. Portal University of Greenwich The login configuration of the portal is strong enough for the academic industry and the session out time is very good. Intranet University of Greenwich The login control is acceptable in intranet but the session maintaining is very poor and logout mechanism also poor. Simply there is no session controlling and logout is not working properly. The main issue with logout is logged is allowing the user to access previously visited pages which is wrong and it requires internet explorer shutdown to complete the action. Suggestion to implement session control because this session control will eliminate these two issues. Computer Login. Again the lignin mechanism is acceptable here but idle time control such user timeout because of idle timeout is not proper here so need to improve here because this is a security risk. But this is also users responsible too but the system it should handle as much as human errors. Chapter 4 Audit Report -Draft Version Scope The project covers only KW116 lab and in the lab it will assess network, physical, policy, etc There are many limitations to do the testing because auditing done with student user credentials which got less privileges. Objective of the engagement Find out status of the lab in security point of view Recommendations for the weaknesses. Audit Report submission to the board Coverage period 4/3/2010 to 30/4/2010 Brief description of the work performed The audit assessments processed all areas with students credentials. Background information N/A Overall audit conclusion The conclusion of this audit is the KW116 is protected in network or network related stuffs such as attacks and vulnerabilities are almost safe. But the access control and some of the process mentioned above needs to change or enhance. When it comes to overall audit conclusion the level of security is average. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Improvement The audit to KW116 is to find the status of the security level and existing security issues. The auditing covers most of the security areas including physical security. This audit uses checklist method as auditing technique because this checklist method will eliminate some issues even the technology is software based because human made errors or mistakes such as typing mistakes, forgotten, etc and the same time the check list used in this auditing mostly satisfy BS7799 and ISO12007 which are basic and powerful standard. This check split in to sever categories to make the auditing process easy and understandable. This audit process uses one software to validate the system. Basically this software scans the system and the network to retrieve security related and system related information. The output of this software is all-in-one report with details. The report also split into several categories. Even though the main advantages of this software is validation of software licences, network scanning and security updates. addition to there was a survey using questioner created for this project with general and basic questions and the survey limited to 100 students. The result of the questioners is summarised and analysed. The basic reason of this survey is to get the students opinion. According to the analysis the student allows some security weakness because of their easy such as password expires period. The standard checklist analysis is the major part of the project and according to the audit there are so many weakness in the KW116 and related process especially access control mechanism. The access control mechanism should change or enhance. This should be the first consideration of the board or authorities. At the same time students are not very keen to follow these regulations because following the rules and regulations are not easy and the policies are not available or not visible to the student or appropriate users. This is the second concern of th e audit. Because if the student needs to obey they rule they should know the rules and regulations. The final conclusion of this audit is the KW116 is protected in network or network related views such as attacks and vulnerabilities are almost safe. But the access control and some of the process mentioned above needs to change or enhance. Future improvement The audit needs to add some more software to the testing this will be effective if project apply some simple penetration testing. The penetration test will give the level of the security or security lacks which will allow attackers to some inn or attack. The checklist can go more deeply to get the root cause of the problem easily. Chapter 6 Appendix A Security Audit for KW116 Lab, University Greenwich Security Assessment questioner I am Manik Saker doing my masters in University of Greenwich in Computer Security forensics and risk management. For partial fulfil of my masters I am caring out this auditing for KW116 lab and this questioner is to get the feedback from students and analyse the security level or security acceptance level of the lab. The questioner is split into several parts to make this to easy and effective. The responses from the students are confidential and cannot be linked back to you. Please fill this and return to me on completion

Similarities Between Greeks And Trojans - 1196 Words

Greeks and Trojans The Iliad is a book full of poems that talk about the history of Trojans and Greeks. Within the Iliad, there is a strong urge to show a world in which was are tremendous and the gods have direct hand in human events and these deities influence fate. The two leading gods, Achillies and Aeneas, the reader can see the ways in which these two cultural problems entwine and try to create an image of the ancient world which is at once barbarously real in terms of the depiction of not just the glory, but also the horrors of war which are filled with supernatural and mystical figures called the gods. Each of the main characters are selected by the gods in some ways but however gained favor not only because of who they are and of their birth but also are fated to prove themselves as a true warrior and to fulfill certain expectations to prove to see if they are worthy or not. The gods in the Iliad are manifested not just to have a direct hand in the lives of mortals, but moreover to be picky about whom they would like to help. Greek religion held powers and fears of all kinds so therefore the reasons behind their motivation and resolutions is not like the modern Christian notion where they think that whoever deserves to have the honor will be it. From what I have read to see, its gods were within the world, one that they did not create. Power such as gods, spirits and nymphs did not die but yet were born. The Greek gods were immortal and had a long life with allShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between The And The Epic Of The Iliad1570 Words   |  7 Pagescredited to the famous Greek poet, Homer. In the 2004 film Troy, directed by Wolfgang Peterson, the plot resembles and is based from the epic poem, the Iliad. When the movie Troy was released, there was criticism on how even though the movie was based off of the Iliad, there were numerous differences from the Iliad itself. Even with its differences, the movie, Troy, does have many similarities to the Iliad. Even though there are numerous similarities and differences between the epic poem and the movieRead MoreEssay about Homer vs. Ovid1417 Words   |  6 PagesHomer, a Greek poet, is most famous for his epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. Ovid, a Roman poet, is most famous for Metamorphoses a 15 book poem containing over 250 myths. To compare and contrast these two poets and their writing styles, I will use Achilles’ battle with Hector in Homer’s Iliad book 22 and compare it with Achilles’ battle with Cycnus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses book 12. The comparison of these battles will give us a better understanding of these poets different views on the Trojan War. Read More Iliad Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad and The Odyssey are two epic poems with both similar and different styles to the structure of the poems, as well as each poem having the same gods incorporated into the stories intervening with the day to day lives of the mortals. Greek poetry before Homer was all composed orally; therefore it is assumed that Homer’s works are the first written works of art (Joachim Latacz, page 15). Scholars who have spent extensive time researching the origin of Homer’s work cannot verify a specificRead MoreThe Song Of Roland And The Iliad933 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne’s army. In comparison, The Iliad accounts the triumphs of Achilles during the mythical Trojan Wars to win possession over the beauty of Helen. Despite similarities between the two epics such as the presence of conflict against a formidable foe and volatile alliances, there are also marked differences with regards to the elements which comprise the epic heroes. The key similarities between The Song of Roland and The Iliad can be found in the ambience in which the story is taking place,Read MoreSimilarities Between The Aeneid And The Iliad1029 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Iliad†. However, there are many underlying similarities between the two. Virgil intended for their stories to share similar themes and plots because he truly admired Homer’s works he eventually adopted the Homeric style in his own writing. Despite having great battles and bloodshed, Virgil drew parallels to Homer’s works with the heroes and their fates, the men started wars over a woman, the different prophecies, and other connections between â€Å"The Iliad† and â€Å"The Aeneid.† â€Å"The Aeneid† and â€Å"TheRead MoreGreek Mythology and Its Effects on Civilization803 Words   |  4 PagesGreek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Many Greeks recognized the major gods and goddesses, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and many others through philosophies such as Stoicism. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece to the islands and costs of Ionia in Asia Minor to Sicily and southern Italy, and scattered Greek colonies in the Western MediterraneanRead MoreAchilles Vs. Hector : Achilles And Hector883 Words   |  4 Pageswent on between the Greek and Trojan, which included the warriors Achilles and Hector. Throughout the poem the similarities and the differences became evident between the main characters, Achilles and Hector. Although Achilles and Hector are considered two different types of heroes, they had their similarities as much as they had their differences. Both Achilles and Hector were the greatest warriors of their armies, and both are very stubborn when it comes to their honor. The differences between theRead MoreThe Aeneid By Publius Virgilius Maro1712 Words   |  7 Pageshis knowledge from studying Greek and Roman authors. Although Virgil studied both cultures his work was more so influenced by the Greek culture, his work was written with the use of common themes that Greek writers used for so many years. He was especially known for writing method in which he borrowed from Homer. The Aeneid, which was unfinished at the time of Virgil’s death, was crafted from an existing tradition surrounding Aeneas that extended from an ancient Greek poet. The story is about theRead MoreThe Discovery Of Mars Bars1635 Words   |  7 Pagesstrength and war, so the link between the two on strength makes sense. As a result, in the fight against all other brands of chocolate bars, just lik e Mars who is always victorious, Mars Bars will place first. To summarize, the connection between Mars Bars and the god of war, Mars, creates a powerful and intimidating, yet attractive image of the snack. Source #2: PANDORA is a jewelry brand known for their charm bracelets and is an allusion to the first woman of Greek mythology, Pandora. AphroditeRead MoreIliad Paper On Achilles And Agamemnon1182 Words   |  5 PagesIliad paper Achilles and Agamemnon are different and similar at the same time in The Iliad. The Iliad is an epic poem which was written by Homer that talks about the Trojan War between Greek and its allies and the Trojans as the result of Trojan prince Paris seduces the Spartan queen Helen, the wife of Menelaus, who is the brother of Greek king Agamemnon, the war lasts continually for many years. The Iliad not only includes the description of warriors, women, and war, but also emphasize the interference

A Transcript From The Twelfth Symposium On Gileadean Studies

†¢ A transcript from â€Å"The Twelfth Symposium on Gileadean studies† †¢ The discussion takes place in 2195 in Nunavit †¢ Professor Piexoto is the main speaker †¢ After he is introduced, Piexoto begins his discussion with a joke o Insensitive and unsympathetic as they as discussing the sufferings that Offred endured †¢ Piexoto explains that the story of The Handmaid’s Tale was discovered from an assortment of cassettes that were found in a house in Maine. †¢ After trying to determine the authenticity of the tapes, he and the other Professors determined that the tapes were real and were recorded about 150 years ago (closer (but still later) to our present day). †¢ There was only one voice speaking into the recording. †¢ The tapes were disorganized and not labeled nor numbered. o The chronology of the tapes and eventually of the writing of The Handmaid’s Tale was guessed and may not be exactly accurate. o This reflects the back-and-forthness that Offred takes the reader as she lives half the time in the present and the other time in the past as she remembers her memories. †¢ Piexoto warns readers not to judge or criticize the Giledean society for its harshness and suggests they try to understand the motives of the society. o â€Å"Our job is not to censure, but to understand.† (302). o There was a great deal of suffering as the condition of the environment began to worsen and the birthrate continued to decline. o The customs and way of life in Giledean were not made up by their leaders, but

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups Essay - 1777 Words

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups From the very beginning times of Christianity, its message has identified with and transformed communities of people. Christianity itself grew out of a people group who had an identity that stretches back in time thousands of years. The worship of Yahweh, geographically born in ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) has spread through history to the farthest islands of the seas. Born into the people of Israel, Jesus gathered a small group of followers living and working with them until his ascension to heaven. From these few, the Christian faith spread to other Jews in Israel and the further reaches of the Roman Empire, including parts of southern Europe and Southwest Asia. As†¦show more content†¦Among the groups that might be included in this history are the Vandals, Visigoths, Burgundians, Franks, Ostrogoths and the Lombards. A pattern begins Ralph D. Winter comments on the ‘barbarian conversion,’ which took place in the midst of Rome’s decline. He states that, as the Barbarian tribes people became Christianized, they became a greater and greater threat to Rome. He also notes that as the Barbarian tribes encroached on Rome they held high regard for the Christian faith and avoided the desecration of church properties. This respect was a result of what Winter calls a faith of at least ‘superficial’ proportions on the part of the Barbarians. Winter explains that they received this faith through the missionary efforts of the Eastern church in Rome rather than the Western church. He conjectures that, Perhaps a little more Christianity might have prevented the complete collapse of the governmental structure of the Roman Empire in the West. Perhaps this lack of effort on the part of the Western church in Rome to reach their neighbors to the north with the message of Christ can be credited in part for the West’s quick demise.(2, pB-10) The unknown East Another historical branch of the spreading Christian faith, though not as geographically and historically noted was to the east. A significant branch of Christianity spread to Persia, which grew to a point of sendingShow MoreRelatedThe Spread Of Christianity And Western Europe1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe spread of Christianity in Western Europe was both similar and different to the spread of Islam. The rise of Islam starts with the Prophet Muhammad, believed by Muslims (followers of Islam) to be the last in a line of prophets that includes Moses and Jesus. Because Muhammad was the chosen one to be the messenger of the word of God, Muslims from all around the world work to follow the example he set. For Muslims after the Qur an (their bible), the sayings and teachings of Muhammad and the descriptionsRead MoreChristianity And The Rise Of Christianity1395 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity is the historical religion stemming from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD. à ¢â‚¬Å"Of all the great religions Christianity is the most widespread and has the largest number of adherents.† It is the world’s largest and most influential religion in history. Christianity can be found on every corner of the globe with nearly two billion followers at the beginning of the 21st century. It is the predominant religion in Europe, the Americas, and Southern Africa. This religion basedRead MoreWestern Civilization QA1052 Words   |  5 PagesWestern Civ. Test 2 take home C) First and Second Triumvirates A Triumvirate is a political alliance involving three rulers, who divide the land and power among each other. The first Triumvirate involved Pompey; who was a popular general who crushed the Spanish Revolt. The second was Crassus; he was a wealthy noble with a lot of ambition and was very ruthless. Crassus owned all the fire stations in Rome, when a person needed his services he would let the fire burn until he was paid a sum of moneyRead MoreThe Spread of Christianity1241 Words   |  5 PagesHelp spread the religion Christianity is one of the world’s largest and oldest religions. It has a very diverse history and has gone through many stages to get to where it is today. As of 2010, a comprehensive demographic study of more than 200 countries found that there are approximately 2.18 billion followers of the Christian faith, of all ages around the world, representing nearly a third of the estimated 2010 global population of 6.9 billion. That is vast. So, how did the religion survive pressureRead MoreChristianity And The Roman Empire979 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the third century when Christianity started to form part and get a place in the Roman Empire. Christianity made a huge impact in Rome. Also, followers of this religion suffered from emperor’s thoughts and conclusion about Christianity. Furthermore, the Christians were in persecution for many years; however, after the emperor Constantine with the constantinian dynasty, everything seems to be effective for the Christians. The long years that took the Christian people to achieve the form of theirRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1409 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity and Islam were both spread in socially and economically similar and politically different. They both had an important people that role and spread of the religions. Christianity included the individuals of who believe in Jesus Christ. Christians are the flowers of the Christ who often believed is the son of the God (â€Å"the father†); Christians strongly believe that Christ will return after the next life; the end of the world. Islam consists of individuals who believe in Allah, the godRead MoreChristianity And Its Impact On The Development Of Christianity1283 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity was born and flourished in an empire where the common language was Latin and Greek. Two important people like Paul and Constantine further influenced and were a major part of the development of Christianity. The history of the Jews leading up to the time of Jesus had a major impact on the development of Christianity. â€Å"When Christianity was clearly identified as a dist ant religion, the new religion was considered by its members to be the fulfillment of Judaism rather than a new religionRead More Christianity Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesChristianity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christianity is one of the major religions of mankind. It has been the dominant religion in Europe and America, Christianity has also spread throughout the world and has a greater number of adherents then any other religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jewish teacher known as Jesus of Nazareth founded Christianity. Christianity drew on the expectations for a Messiah common in the region during these centuries. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, near Jerusalem, and grew up in the town of NazarethRead MoreCause of the Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization1675 Words   |  7 Pages or micro- and macro-level patterns of communication and behaviors, further form the unique traditions associated with a collective identity. Cross-cultural interchange fosters transformation of the dynamic narratives that are the essence of a people. Two of these cross-cultural processes affecting the formation and evolvement of human societies are accretion and syncretism. Syncretism describes the fusion of two different and sometimes opposing systems, religions, or philosophies, and the meldingRead MoreThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagesare tolerant of other religious groups, however, there are always disagreements because some religions use rituals of physical abuse that does not seem to correct to others. The honor killing in Islam, for example, causes hysteria and anger to other cultures. Over time, the view of religion is changing, certainly, all religions are different in many aspects, but respect the opposing religious groups. Examples of these religions are Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity that originated from different regions

The Things They Carried On The Rainy River Essay - 812 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tim O’Brien, the author of The Things They Carried, is still undecided of whether to doge the draft and lose the respect of his family and friends, or go to the Vietnam War and lose his life, in the chapter â€Å"On The Rainy River†. Elroy’s actions reveal his good qualities that help Tim make this important decision, without any words of judgment or criticism. Elroy’s actions reveal heroic qualities. He is a silent Observer who helps Tim overcome his fears.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When Tim decided to leave his hometown of Worthington, Minnesota and drive almost five hundred miles to International Falls, Minnesota, he was unsure of what he was really doing. He knew he just had†¦show more content†¦Even though Tim didn’t talk much, Elroy listened when he did. Elroy was not much of a talker either. Tim says that â€Å"†¦ he [Elroy] had a way of compressing large thoughts into small, cryptic packets of language† (49-50). Often at night, after a long day of work, Elroy and Tim would sit down and play a game of Scrabble. Elroy would win every time they played. By sitting down and playing a game with Tim, even though there were no words being said, Elroy showed that he cared. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Elroy offered Tim money for the work he had done. He offered to pay Tim three hundred and seventy-five dollars. By offering Tim money, it shows that Elroy appreciates the hard work Tim has helped him with. Elroy and Tim came up with a price of two hundred and sixty dollars for his six nights of stay at the Tip Top Lodge including food. Elroy made Tim home cooked meals three times a day. After doing some math with the amount Tim owed for the six nights of stay, and the amount Elroy owed him for working, Elroy still thought Tim owed him one hundred and fifteen dollars. Tim would not accept this gift, but Elroy told him to take it and get a haircut. Tim did not take the money, so it was left sitting on the kitchen table all night. The next morning when Tim awoke, he found the envelope tacked to his door with the words â€Å"EMERGENCY FUND† on it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the sixth and last day of Tim staying at the lodge, Elroy tookShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : The Things They Carried Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Essay: The Things They Carried Are moral standards in the eye of the beholder? According to one author, â€Å"we’ve seriously lost our way†, going on to state, â€Å"we are like mean adrift at sea without a compass† (Hulme). In literature as in biology, the mantra of form fits function applies and heightens a reader’s appreciation of a writer’s choice and how they contribute to a work of literature. In Tim O’Brien’s collection of short stories, The Things They Carried, the narrative, the experienceRead MoreTim O Brien s The Man I Killed 897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the twenty years following the Vietnam War, Tim O’Brien failed to share any stories from his experiences in Vietnam. Finally he decided to write a book that he titled, The Things They Carried, in 1990 where he details all of the struggles he experienced after being drafted into the Vietnam War. In chapter twelve, â€Å"The Man I Killed,† O’Brien details Tim’s uncertainty after killing his first Viet Cong soldier. As the soldier lay on the ground physically destroyed by a grenade that once resided inRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagesqualities such as literary devices, imagery, and theme, and many more. Tim O’Brien’s Things They Carried depicts a fragmented stories about his and other soldiers’ experiences that occurred in the Vietnam War. Similarly, the poem, â€Å"Facing It† shows a soldier who returns to the Memorial of the Vietnam War where he recalls his own trauma in the war as he looks at the stones. Both the prose, Things They Carried and the poem, â€Å"Facing it† conveys the similar theme where they are struggling to overcomeRead MoreThe Conspiracies Associated With The Reason Why The Usa Joined The Vietnam War1538 Words   |  7 Pageswhich was to destroy the spread of communism. The intentions of the federal government when joining the Vietnam War re lates to The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien because Tim O’Brien also considered dodging the draft and immigrating to Canada but as a consequence of social pressure, the guilt he felt resulted in the change of his mindset. While â€Å"On the Rainy River† condemns the idea of heroism because it applies oppressive pressure on soldiers, â€Å"The Ghost Soldiers† celebrates the idea of heroismRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Impacts On Water Body1682 Words   |  7 Pagesaround urban area . Water pollution is the state of change in the natural physical, chemical, biological, bacteriological and radiological properties of water that causes in an impairment of its inherent (Susan Joy 1998) .Many investigation were carried out by many researchers and organization over past year to assess the source of pollution and its impacts on water body. Among the source of pollution the major pollution from Nonpoint source (NPS) was urban runoff and it has been established as aRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O BriensThe Things They Carried1156 Words   |  5 Pagesplaguing thing it is to have a man’s mind torn asunder by two projects of equal strength, both obstinately pulling in a contrary direction at the same time.† By interpreting this quote, Stern says that no one can understand what it feels like for a man to have his mind torn apart by two equivalent forces that pull him apart in opposite directions inside. There was much underlying meaning and connection from Laurence Stern’s quote and to The Things They Carried. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 PagesTyler Nooney Trafford P.6 The Things They Carried Essay The central theme and true meaning of courage is shown vividly in numerous instances throughout Tim O’Brien’s classic novel The Things They Carried. O’Brien’s novel begins with the courage of coming of age, along with the author’s loss of his innocence. Tim, the protagonist of this novel, goes through an incredible change in belief when he must choose to either run away from the Vietnam War or unwillingly join the bloody battle, of which heRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1039 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"My life is storytelling. I believe in stories, in their incredible power to keep people alive, to keep the living alive, and the dead.† Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, was filled with embellished stories and memories of war veterans. O’Brien’s reasoning for writing that particular book was because he believed that while a memory can die with a person, written words are forever set in st one. In his book, War was every one of the soldier’s enemy; It did not matter which side they foughtRead MoreIn Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, he emphasizes a chapter on â€Å"The Man I Killed†, which900 Words   |  4 PagesIn Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, he emphasizes a chapter on â€Å"The Man I Killed†, which describes the characteristics of a young Vietnamese man in which O’Brien may or may not have killed with a grenade. The novel is not chronologically sequenced, which leaves more room for the reader to engage in a critical thought process that fully bridges the author’s mind to their own. In O’Brien’s chapter, â€Å"The Man I Killed†, he attempts to humanize the enemy in a way that draws little separation betweenRead MoreEssay about Tim OBriens War Stories 2191 Words   |  9 Pages O’Brien was sent to Vietnam where he served from 1968 to 1970 in an infantry unit. Upon returning from the war, O’Brien described his experiences in a series of publications and compiled them in a collection of short stories; his book The Things They Carried is considered to be a generational piece and his magnum opus. Throughout his stories, O’Brien blurs the line between fiction and nonfiction in recounting his Vietnam era war stories by using contemporary war diction, unique narrative style and

Simon Bronner S Campus Traditions free essay sample

Without primal screams students would likely bottle up their stress or try to release it in other risky manners such as drugs. Overall, primal screams help address the stress of academics during final exam times through creative non-dangerous methods such as Harvards Old Yard scream and Stephens Colleges door slams. Another major folkloric contribution to keep students sane is the traditions of college rivalry through pranks and jokes. Campus rivalries help students cope with the anxiety of trying to belong within their college or university of thousands. Without a sense of belonging many dents will feel they are a number and not a part of a larger community. For example, at Indiana University a rivalry joke claiming that Purdue fans say they are number one but do not know how many fingers to hold up is passed around. This joke not only demeans their rivalry school and supports that true fact that II students are better but also helps students feel belonging by making the joke a us vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Simon Bronner S Campus Traditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page them mentality. Many of these rivalry traditions take place when the two student bodies have the chance to interact such as sporting functions.One example is when North Carolina State students detained the University of North Carolinas mascot after a game in the sass. He was later painted the NCSC colors and returned when the UNC administration threatened to cancel the remaining games. The creativity of this prank by painting the rival mascot their school colors is what makes this story a rivalry tradition. It is also likely many students get a sense of pride and belonging when reminiscing about the story. Overall, college rivalry addresses the stress Of community in college through the forms Of jokes and pranks usually occurring around the atmosphere of sporting events and games.The final folkloric contribution to be reviewed is the traditions involving campus graduation such as Moving-Up Days and Class Days. The folklore involving graduation is usually means to deal with the anxiety of transition from college to the real world and all the responsibilities that come with it. For example, at Chatham university the seniors bestow their class color to the juniors just before their graduation at Moving-up Day. This allows the seniors to address the stress of graduation by letting go of their class status so they can move on to be a part of one class with society. Another form of campus graduation traditions is Class Days where the entire senior class performs an event. One example is at Williams College where seniors will plant ivy to leave their permanent mark on campus. This allows seniors to feel that they left their impression on the campus and that they changed it for the better which allows them to graduate stress-free knowing whether or not they made a difference on campus. Overall, the traditions of Class Day and Moving-Up Day are creative folkloric forms of dealing with the anxiety of transition into the real world.

Edgar Allan Poe free essay sample

Allan Poe’s Place in the Literary Canon Notwithstanding his contributions as a literary critic and the originator of the short story, Edgar Allan Poe was considered one of the greatest writers of the American Romantic Period because of the significant contributions to the genres of mystery and the modern detective story. Many scholars of literature ceaselessly search for authors, writers, and literary pieces appropriating a high regard for this art form of the elite. Reasons for this are for study, for pleasure, and even as a model for other, more modern works. Edgar Allan Poe is most, if not all, of what litterateurs are looking for in an author and so he certainly deserves his place in today’s literary canon. If serious writers consider Poe a gold standard in literature, then there is absolutely no reason that college students should think otherwise. Edgar Allan Poe should be included in today’s literary canon because he is a pioneer in literary genre; his critiques are the basis for the development of many literary theories, and because of his significant contributions to the literary corpus. As a pioneer in literary genre, Poe initiated the evolution of the short story and also the modern detective story. He remains today one of the most popular mystery writers in history, and his contributions to literature and the mystery genre cannot be underestimated. Prior to Edgar Allan Poe, most literature patrons looked down on the dark and gothic prose, in particular, those belonging to the horror and the mystery genre, because of the moods and morals that these evoked. With the emergence of Poe as a mystery and horror fictionist, the genre began to enjoy attention unprecedented in the years prior. Poe was able to give to horror and mystery what Shakespeare gave to poetry and to theater. â€Å"Many pieces of literature that deal with death and the gloominess of the world do not always appeal to audiences. However, Poe’s contribution to literature has proven to be loved and appreciated by many over the span of time. † (Rosello) This could be attributed to the techniques used by Poe in both his prose and his literature that stood firm even through the closest scrutiny. Therefore, despite the dark subjects tackled in his pieces, his work remained faithful to the time-respected standards of literature. In addition, Poe is viewed as one of the most important of American authors in the Gothic tradition. While there were many other writers who wrote in this tradition, Poe was able to take the genre and remove from it the sloppiness and inconsistencies found in many Gothic pieces of his time. Poe had raised the bar for this kind of literature by imbuing it with elegance and painful attention to detail and emotions. His desire to use his pieces to convey emotions had even gone into a more personal level as these â€Å"reflect the mood and genre he desired to create in his literature conveyed his own character. † (Rosello) This meant that Poe’s gothic pieces were a reflection of his true self and hence, were very honest to the most intimate level, which was often uncomfortable for many writers of the time because most strove to write literature that was as distant to their true selves as possible, or risk having their darkest secrets revealed in their work. Poe’s writing exemplifies his brilliant imagination through metaphors that describe his life. † (CaryaAcademy) A few examples of Poe’s work that reflected his own personal darkness are â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, which very accurately conveys they thinking process of the author, â€Å"Ligeia†, which mirrors the grief and sorrow of loss which also parallels the experiences of the author, and t he popular â€Å"The Raven†, which, apart from being a highly critical piece in Poe’s career, also echoed the author’s personal struggles with isolation and intangible fears. Apart from being personal, Poe also allowed his investigative and analytical skills to shape his literature, such as in his mystery pieces to include the â€Å"Rue Morgue† series of tales. Poe, therefore, based on what he had began and pioneered, he cannot be relegated to any ordinary writer of his time or ours because his work established standards and bars for other future writers, fictionists, and poets. Other than being a pioneer in the world of literature, Poe was also a critic of literary works and his literary criticism formed the basis for the development of literary standard and theory. Poe himself said that it is absolutely not true that a poet or fictionist cannot critique his own work. (Poe) He expounded on this by saying that even with the personal bias in a poet or a fictionist, critique of one’s own work is possible because â€Å"bad poets can only make bad critiques and good poets† will only critique â€Å"on account of his intimate acquaintance with the subject†. (Poe) Here, Poe established the theory in literary criticism which is known as self-criticism by debunking earlier assumptions that this is not possible. Poe further expresses his faith in the poet or fictionist by defending self-criticism because he knows that the objective of good poets and fictionists is not to propel oneself but to propel the field of literature, and this can never be done if one was to be overly zealous of his/her work to the extent of ignoring conventions and standards. Poe made himself known not only as an exceptional author of poetry and fiction, but also as a literary critic whose level of imagination and insight had until then been un-approached in American literature. Poe’s most prominent contribution to literature derives from the analytical method he practiced both as a creative author and as a critic of the works of his generation. He even boldly critiqued the work of classic poets like Longfellow as he said that this poet was, â€Å"He was to blame in wearing away his youth in contemplation with the end of poeticizing in his manhood His judgment consequently is too correct. † (Poe) In effect, what Poe was trying to say was that a poet would do best if he/she was to write faithfully about his own truths instead of writing about the truths that are not yet supported by experience. Hence, Poe established the necessity of a poet’s connection to his/her work and also, by saying that poetry should not be â€Å"too correct†, contributed to the convention in contemporary poetry which states that the non-problematic self belongs in classic literature and the problematic self has to be a quality of contemporary literature. Poe also recognized talent over seniority and dared to comment on the works of great writers like Coleridge and even Milton. While some would not dare point out the mistakes and shortfalls of literary masters, Poe did so with careful analysis and abundant facts and examples. Poe encouraged young and emerging writers to become bolder and more definitive of their art; not to be intimidated and even influenced by the work of senior poets and fictionists who themselves, have been known to commit mortal flaws in their work. For Poe, it was not a sin to commit a mistake in literature because literature itself with the aid of the poet or the fictionist is self-healing, for as long as the creator is sincerely dedicated to his/her creation. Finally, apart from his pioneering contributions and his critical innovations, Poe had contributed greatly to the literary corpus through the sterling pieces that he created. If not for any other reason, Poe should be studied because there is so much of his to study. Poe is a major figure in world literature based on his highly acclaimed short stories, poems, and critical theories; because of this â€Å"Poe’s tales of horror and suspense continue to influence writers today, and many of them now make their living by writing exclusively in those genres that Poe helped to define. † (Cornell University) In his lifetime, Poe was able to publish more than four hundred poems, stories, essays, and literary critiques, all of excellent quality, faithful to conventions, and pioneering in their respective genres. The body of work that Poe is known for rivals other classical writers who have, in their own right, influenced the evolution of English literature. â€Å"The literary output of Poe bears the stamp of an original genius†¦his tales are remarkable for their originality and ingenuity of construction, and in the best of them he rises to a high level of imagination. † (Adelaide University) Therefore the body of literature would never be the same again since Poe became one of its most important figures. Often works of literature, especially of horror and mystery, are put side by side with the works of Poe to ascertain their merit and integrity. The amount of work that Poe had contributed to the world of literature is enough to spark a culture all its own, hence, the emergence of the gothic genre and its propagation among young writers of today. If not for anything else, Edgar Allan Poe was a literary genius not only of his time but even of the present generation. His work should be studied by students in college literature classes so that they can fully understand and grasp his philosophical and artistic transaction which accounts for his importance in literary history. Despite some scholars arguing, on the contrary, because Poe propagates bleak and dark values one who understands the reasons behind his literary masterpieces would appreciate why Poe spent so much time in trying to verbalize the grotesque, the horrible, and the mysterious in his work – Poe was merely trying to mimic true human nature in his work. Therefore, however one views it, Poe is a mandatory requirement for any literature student or any student for that matter because of his pioneering literary attempts, his bold literary critiques, and his significant contributions to the growth and the body of English literature, in general. References: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/p/poe/edgar_allan/ http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/poe/exhibition/nevermore/ Edgar Allan Poe free essay sample A look at his life and career. (more)